{"id":1964,"date":"2023-12-06T18:25:10","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T18:25:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/leyton.majjane.agency\/ca\/post\/the-need-for-dynamic-spectrum\/"},"modified":"2023-12-06T18:25:10","modified_gmt":"2023-12-06T18:25:10","slug":"the-need-for-dynamic-spectrum","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/leyton.com\/ca\/en\/insights\/articles\/the-need-for-dynamic-spectrum\/","title":{"rendered":"The Need for Dynamic Spectrum"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The need for <strong>dynamic spectrum<\/strong> has become a necessity as a result of the indirect contribution of the <strong>conventional allocation spectrums band policy<\/strong>. In this article we will cover spectrum bands, their applications, and emerging technology.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">About the Spectrum Bands<\/h2>\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<p>The radio spectrum bands are uniquely divided into fixed number of distinct frequency channels in which different wireless communication services are allocated corresponding sections of the radio spectrum bands.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<p>There are many studies which showed that the spectrum usage carried out at different geographical locations had a significant portion of the licensed radio spectrum bands. Particularly, TV spectrum bands are not efficiently deployed, whereas the licensed radio spectrum bands utilization varies from around 15% to 85%, indicating important disparities in the deployment of the radio bands.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<p>This concludes that the<strong> conventional allocation spectrum bands policy<\/strong> has inadvertently contributed to the spectrum scarcity, therefore the need for<strong> dynamic spectrum <\/strong>access has become a necessity. <\/p>\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">New Policies for Spectrum Bands<\/h2>\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<p>For the reasons mentioned above, new rules\/policies have been proposed to allow unlicensed users to access undeployed portions of the spectrum which has become known as <strong>TV white spaces (TVWS)<\/strong>, in which transmission on its frequencies is conducted without interference with the incumbent TV transmitters and wireless microphones transmissions; TVWS comprises the Very High Frequency (VHF) band between 30 \u2013300 MHz and Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) band between 470 &#8211; 960 MHz that are not deployed by primary users in specific time and location.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<p>The fundamental function of TVWS (also referred to as cognitive radio) is spectrum sensing to detect absence\/presence of a primary user in a licensed spectrum band I.e., identifying and accessing spectrum holes without compromising primary user\u2019s transmission.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leyton.com\/ca\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/3\/files\/2023\/11\/dynamic-spectrum2.jpg\" alt=\"Dynamic spectrum\" class=\"wp-image-26198\" \/><\/figure>\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">About Spectrum Sensing &amp; Its Applications<\/h2>\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<p>Spectrum sensing falls under two categories, 1) transmitter detection: aimed to determine if primary user is using TV spectrum band. 2) receiver detections: dedicated to detecting existence of primary receivers even when primary transmitter is deploying the spectrum.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<p>The applications of <strong>TVWS<\/strong> technology are various including<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/leyton.com\/ca\/ict-companies\/\">Secured Private Network, Smart Grid, Video Surveillance, Wi-Fi\/3G\/4G range extension Agriculture Technology, Maritime Communication, Internet-of-Things (IoT), and Rural Internet<\/a><\/strong>. This later is the most promising area of application where delivery of broadband in rural areas becomes widely accessible. TVWS work pretty much in the same way as conventional Wi-Fi, however TVWS uses radio frequencies that have high power enabling it travel long distances with high ability to penetrate walls, trees, and obstacles in general, and this means that TVWS requires very few numbers of access points to cover the same area. The excellent obstacle penetration and range characteristics explains why this technology is called \u201c<strong>Super Wi-Fi<\/strong>.\u201d <\/p>\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Wifi Vs. TVWS<\/h2>\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<p>Current Wi-Fi devices operate at power level of 40 or 100 milliwatts, at this same power level TVWS proves to need about 16X fewer access points in the UHF part of TVWS (600 MHz) to provide the same coverage as Wi-Fi in 2.4 GHz frequency. So with the same access point number which offers four times the range, we can actually achieve sixteen times the area coverage with TVWS.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<p>As for access controls, TVWS has another key difference compared to traditional Wi-Fi is that their devices gain managed access to undeployed TV channels by communicating their exact spatial location to a database which is in charge of providing the list of channels along with operating parameters like duration, power, and geographic boundaries. TVWS devices are instructed to use only channels delivered by an authorized white space database, allowing them to use this spectrum more intelligently over time.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<p>Companies that are innovating in this sector are likely to be eligible for several funding programs including&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/leyton.com\/ca\/government-grants\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">government grants,<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/leyton.com\/ca\/tax-credits\/sred-already-claiming\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SR&amp;ED<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Want to learn about funding opportunities for your project? <a href=\"https:\/\/leyton.com\/ca\/contact-us\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Schedule a free consultation with one of our experts today!<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/leyton.com\/ca\/en\/contact-us\/\">Contact Us<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The need for dynamic spectrum has become a necessity as a result of the indirect contribution of the conventional allocation spectrums band policy. In this article we will cover spectrum bands, their applications, and emerging technology. About the Spectrum Bands The radio spectrum bands are uniquely divided into fixed number of distinct frequency channels in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2706,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2594],"tags":[232,114],"expertise":[],"class_list":["post-1964","article","type-article","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ict","tag-funding","tag-innovation-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.1 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Need for Dynamic Spectrum - ICT - Leyton Canada<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Creating a dynamic spectrum has become a necessity as a result of the conventional allocation spectrums band policy...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/leyton.com\/ca\/en\/insights\/articles\/the-need-for-dynamic-spectrum\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Need for Dynamic Spectrum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Creating a dynamic spectrum has become a necessity as a result of the conventional allocation spectrums band policy...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/leyton.com\/ca\/en\/insights\/articles\/the-need-for-dynamic-spectrum\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Leyton Canada\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/leyton.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/3\/files\/2023\/11\/dynamic-spectrum.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"655\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leyton.com\\\/ca\\\/en\\\/insights\\\/articles\\\/the-need-for-dynamic-spectrum\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/leyton.com\\\/ca\\\/en\\\/insights\\\/articles\\\/the-need-for-dynamic-spectrum\\\/\",\"name\":\"The Need for Dynamic Spectrum - 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